When exaggerated in hypomania, however, such a person can display excessive optimism, grandiosity, and poor decision making, often with little regard to the consequences. For instance, trait-based positivity for a person could make them more engaging and outgoing, and cause them to have a positive outlook in life. In addition, the exaggerated case of hypomania can lead to problems. Though the elevated mood and energy level typical of hypomania could be seen as a benefit, true mania itself generally has many undesirable consequences including suicidal tendencies, and hypomania can, if the prominent mood is irritable as opposed to euphoric, be a rather unpleasant experience. Some studies exploring brain metabolism in subjects with hypomania, however, did not find any conclusive link while there are studies that reported abnormalities, some failed to detect differences. In hypomania, there is less need for sleep and both goal-motivated behaviour and metabolism increase. Although creativity and hypomania have been historically linked, a review and meta-analysis exploring this relationship found that this assumption may be too general and empirical research evidence is lacking. Hypomania, which means "less than mania", is a lowered state of mania that does little to impair function or decrease quality of life. Manic persons often can be mistaken for being under the influence of drugs. Because mania and hypomania have also long been associated with creativity and artistic talent, it is not always the case that the clearly manic/hypomanic bipolar patient needs or wants medical help such persons often either retain sufficient self-control to function normally or are unaware that they have "gone manic" severely enough to be committed or to commit themselves. Standardized tools such as Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale can be used to measure severity of manic episodes.
Mania varies in intensity, from mild mania ( hypomania) to delirious mania, marked by such symptoms as disorientation, florid psychosis, incoherence, and catatonia. This "staging" of a manic episode is useful from a descriptive and differential diagnostic point of view Mania is divided into three stages: hypomania, or stage I acute mania, or stage II and delirious mania ( delirium), or stage III.
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In the current DSM-5, hypomanic episodes are separated from the more severe full manic episodes, which, in turn, are characterized as either mild, moderate, or severe, with certain diagnostic criteria (e.g. Although the vast majority of cases occur in the context of bipolar disorder, it is a key component of other psychiatric disorders (such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type) and may also occur secondary to various general medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis certain medications may perpetuate a manic state, for example prednisone or substances prone to abuse, especially stimulants, such as caffeine and cocaine. Mania is a syndrome with multiple causes. However, in full-blown mania, they undergo progressively severe exacerbations and become more and more obscured by other signs and symptoms, such as delusions and fragmentation of behavior. They are most plainly evident in fully developed hypomanic states. The symptoms of mania include elevated mood (either euphoric or irritable), flight of ideas and pressure of speech, increased energy, decreased need and desire for sleep, and hyperactivity. As the mania intensifies, irritability can be more pronounced and result in anxiety or anger.
Although mania is often conceived as a "mirror image" to depression, the heightened mood can be either euphoric or dysphoric. Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a mental and behavioral disorder defined as a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." During a manic episode, an individual will experience rapidly changing emotions and moods, highly influenced by surrounding stimuli. Graphical representation of mania, cyclothymia and hypomania
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